Large Language Models
Kimi K2: A Trillion-Parameter Open-Source LLM
Explore Kimi K2, the 1.04T parameter open-source MoE model. Our deep dive covers its MuonClip optimizer, agentic AI training, and benchmark performance.
Ji Zhi Liu
Latest Articles
Dive deep into the world of Artificial Intelligence with our curated collection of articles, covering the latest breakthroughs and insights from leading researchers and engineers.
AI Research
Jason Wei's 3 Laws of AI: A Future Framework for 2025
Explore Jason Wei's three laws of AI: the Verifier's Law, Commoditization of Intelligence, and the Jagged Edge. A framework for understanding AI's future progress and automation timeline.
Founder Park
Technology
OpenRLHF vs veRL: Ray Framework Deep Dive for Distributed RLHF (2025)
Master distributed RLHF frameworks: Compare OpenRLHF and veRL architectures. Learn Ray Actors, GPU colocation, PPO implementation, and hybrid engine design for scalable reinforcement learning systems.
Qing Ke Ai
Technology
10 Multi-Agent AI Frameworks Tested: Tier List from Learning to Production (2025)
We tested 10 multi-agent AI frameworks and ranked them by use case. CrewAI wins for production, OpenAI Swarm for learning, AutoGen for complex tasks. Benchmarks, code examples, and decision matrix included.
Datawhale
AI Tools
Cursor 2.0 Review: 4x Faster Coding (200 tokens/s - Worth $20/mo?)
Cursor 2.0 review: Composer model codes 4x faster (200 tokens/s), integrated browser for UI dev, Agents Mode. Tested vs GitHub Copilot. Is the $20/mo subscription worth it?
Liu Xiao Pai R
Technology
What Is Prompt Engineering? Complete 2025 Guide (ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini)
Master prompt engineering with this complete 2025 guide. Learn zero-shot, few-shot, and Chain-of-Thought techniques for ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini. Includes 20+ ready-to-use templates.
Agi Luo Pan
Technology
Why AI Agents Fail: Latency, Planning & Reflection (2025 Guide)
AI agent challenges explained: solve latency issues, fix brittle planning, and avoid reflection loops. Advanced engineering patterns and RL techniques for production-ready agentic AI systems.
Qing Ke Ai
Infrastructure
TensorRT-LLM Tutorial: Deploy LLMs 3x Faster (2025 Setup Guide)
Step-by-step TensorRT-LLM tutorial: Deploy Llama 3/GPT models 3x faster on A100/H100. Includes Python setup, Docker configuration, KV Cache optimization, and benchmarks vs vLLM. Complete guide in 20 minutes.
Qing Ke Ai
Technology
Milvus vs Pinecone: 10M Vector Benchmark (Cost & Speed Test 2025)
Tested 4 vector databases at 10M vectors: Milvus, Pinecone, LanceDB, Chroma. Pinecone wins on ease (zero-ops), Milvus on cost ($500 vs $1,200/mo). Includes latency benchmarks, scalability tests, migration guide.
Yi Yan
Technology
Best RAG Chunking Strategy: 9 Methods Tested (70% Better - 2025)
Boost RAG accuracy by 70%: Tested 9 chunking strategies (fixed-size, recursive, semantic). Semantic chunking won. Optimal: 256-512 tokens, 10-20% overlap. Includes Python/LangChain code and production tips.
Ai Yun Shu
Technology
LangChain vs LangGraph vs LangSmith: Complete Comparison (2025)
Complete LangChain ecosystem comparison: LangChain for building chains, LangGraph for complex agents, LangSmith for monitoring. Decision matrix, code examples, and use cases for each tool.
Shen Du Xue Xi Shi Jue
Technology
How to Add Special Tokens to LLMs Safely
Learn how to add special tokens to LLMs during fine-tuning without causing catastrophic forgetting. Our guide covers smart initialization and PEFT/LoRA.
Bao Bao Suan Fa Bi Ji
Technology
Context Engineering: 3-Stage RAG Pipeline (40-70% Better Accuracy - 2025)
Master Context Engineering achieving 40-70% better LLM accuracy with 3-stage RAG pipeline: pre-retrieval data prep, in-retrieval optimization (hybrid search + re-ranking), pre-generation construction. Reduce hallucinations, improve reliability.
Quan Ge Tan Ai
Technology
Top 10 Underground AI Tools of 2025
Discover the top 10 AI tools thriving in the underground economy. Based on real API data, we reveal the AI coding agents and role-playing apps developers use.
Shi Zi Lu Kou Crossing
Technology
AI Programming Assistant: The Future of Coding
Explore the future of AI programming assistants. Learn about a local-first, secure AI coding tool that automates refactoring, testing, and deployment from your CLI.
Lao Yang Ai Gao Sheng Huo
Technology
LangChain vs LlamaIndex vs Haystack: Best RAG Framework? (2025)
Compare 5 RAG frameworks: LangChain, LlamaIndex, Haystack, RAGFlow, Verba. LangChain won for prototyping (3x faster), Haystack for production. Includes speed benchmarks, cost analysis ($500 vs $5,000/mo), and Python code.
Chen Jin Shi Xue Ai
Technology
A Visual Guide to LLM Agents: Types, Architecture & How They Work (2025)
Complete visual guide to LLM agents. Explore 5 types of AI agents: single-agent, multi-agent, ReAct, autonomous loops. With architecture diagrams & real examples.
Lao Liu Shuo Nlp
Technical
RAG Evaluation Metrics Explained: Recall@K, MRR, Faithfulness (2025)
Master RAG evaluation: 7 critical metrics from Recall@K to answer faithfulness. Code examples, benchmarks, RAGAS framework. Reduce hallucinations, boost accuracy by 40%.
AI Author
Technology
GRPO-RoC Explained: Better Training for Tool-Augmented AI (Complete Guide)
Learn how GRPO-RoC fixes outcome-based reward issues. This training method improves AI reasoning by 40% through data curation. With code examples & benchmarks.
Qing Ke Ai
Technology
30x Faster LLM RL Training: The Checkpoint-Engine Story
Discover how the Checkpoint-Engine achieves a 30x speedup in LLM RL training. Learn about its innovative approach to parameter updates for large-scale RL.
Qing Ke Ai
Technology
MLA Attention: 4-8x Less Memory Than MHA (DeepSeek V3 Architecture - 2025)
DeepSeek V3 Multi-head Latent Attention (MLA) cuts KV cache 4-8x vs standard MHA. Learn low-rank compression, matrix absorption, prefill vs decode phases. Complete PyTorch implementation with tensor shapes.
Chen Jin Shi Xue Ai
Technology
Build an iOS App with AI: A Vibe Coding Guide
Learn how to build an iOS app with AI. This Vibe Coding guide covers AI pair programming, using v0 for UI, and leveraging generative AI for faster development.
Shan Gui Er
Technology
Alibaba's Qwen3-Next: A Deep Dive into its MoE Arch
Explore the architecture of Alibaba's Qwen3-Next, a powerful large language model. Learn about its Mixture of Experts (MoE) design and performance.
Zheng Li
Technology
Agentic RAG vs Traditional RAG: 5x Better Accuracy (2025 LangGraph Tutorial)
Build agentic RAG with LangGraph and Qwen achieving 5x better accuracy on complex queries. Learn agent-based retrieval, multi-step reasoning, self-correction. Complete code tutorial with real benchmarks.
Ning Si Ai
Technology
Build a Llama-Style MoE Model From Scratch (Part 2)
Learn how to train a language model with this PyTorch training loop guide. Explore text generation, the AdamW optimizer, and Mixture of Experts models.
Zheng Li
Technology
Build a Llama-Style MoE Model From Scratch (Part 1)
Learn how to build a Llama-style MoE language model from scratch. This guide covers the Mixture of Experts architecture, tokenization, and model setup.
Zheng Li
Technology
Supervised Fine-Tuning: A Guide to LLM Reasoning
Learn the complete Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) pipeline to enhance LLM reasoning. This guide covers the DeepSeek R1 process, from SFT to knowledge distillation.
Ning Si Ai
Technology
GRPO Training Pipeline: SFT to RL for Better Reasoning
Learn to implement a full GRPO training pipeline. This guide covers Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) with cold-start data, CoT prompting, and the GRPOTrainer.
Ning Si Ai
Technology
DeepSeek-Coder-V2's Reward Model Explained
Explore the 5 core reward functions powering DeepSeek-Coder-V2. Learn how its modular reward model for accuracy, reasoning, and format shapes AI behavior.
Ning Si Ai
Technology
Replicate DeepSeek R1 with RL: A Guide
Learn to replicate the DeepSeek R1 training process. This guide covers building a reinforcement learning pipeline from scratch using GRPO for advanced LLM reasoning.
Ning Si Ai
Technology
Boost LLM Goodput: Prefill-Decode Separation
Learn how Prefill-Decode separation in LLM serving boosts goodput by 4.48x. Discover DistServe, a new architecture that optimizes latency and meets strict SLOs.
GiantPandaLLM
Technology
Knowledge Distillation: Shrink GPT-4 to 10x Smaller (95% Accuracy - 2025 Guide)
Compress LLMs 10-100x smaller using knowledge distillation. Learn teacher-student training, temperature scaling (T=3-5), soft targets. DistilBERT case: 40% smaller, 60% faster, 97% accuracy. Complete tutorial.
Chen Jin Shi Xue Ai
Technology
AI Infrastructure: 6 Components That Make or Break Agents (40-70% Cost Cut - 2025)
AI agents fail without proper infrastructure: 80% effort should go to infra, not models. Build 6-component pipeline: data pipelines, vector DBs (Pinecone/Weaviate), model serving, orchestration, monitoring, security. Cut costs 40-70% with optimization.
Pingxingjilu
Technology
No-Code LLaMA 3 Fine-Tuning: 3 Steps with LLaMA Factory (2025)
Fine-tune LLaMA 3 with zero coding in 3 steps using LLaMA Factory WebUI. Save 80% GPU memory with QLoRA on RTX 3090/4090. Beginner-friendly tutorial with CUDA setup. Supports 100+ models.
Number in the Moutain
Technology
Transformer Models Explained: Architecture & Attention Guide (2025)
Complete guide to Transformer architecture: self-attention mechanisms, encoder-decoder design, and how Transformers power GPT, BERT, and modern LLMs. With code examples and visual diagrams.
Quan Ge Tan Ai
Tools & Frameworks
Run Llama 3 Locally: 5-10x Faster with Ollama (8GB RAM Guide - 2025)
Run Llama 3, Mistral, CodeLlama locally with Ollama: 5-10x speedup on GPU, $0 API costs, complete privacy. One-command install on macOS/Linux/Windows. 8GB RAM minimum for 7B models, 16GB for 70B. Complete setup guide.
Jordan Lee
Technology
What Are LLMs? Complete Guide to Large Language Models (2025)
Comprehensive guide to Large Language Models: how LLMs work, Transformer architecture, training process, prompt engineering, and real-world applications. Learn about GPT, Claude, Gemini, and more.
Quan Ge Tan Ai
Technology
Separated Architectures for LLM RL Post-Training
Explore the shift to separated architectures for RL post-training of LLMs. Learn how systems like AsyncFlow & TransferQueue solve data orchestration challenges.
Little Boji
Technology
LLM Inference on H800: A Disaggregated Architecture Guide
Explore LLM inference optimization on H800 SuperPods. Learn how a disaggregated architecture with SGLang tackles the prefill bottleneck to boost throughput.
yiakwy
Technology
PyTorch Memory Snapshot: Debug OOM Errors (GPU Memory Guide - 2025)
Monitoring **PyTorch GPU memory usage** during model training can be perplexing. To demystify this, we'll dive into the **PyTorch memory snapshot** tool, a powerful utility for detailed **GPU memory ...
Panda
Technology
SFT Flaw: A Learning Rate Tweak Unlocks LLM Potential
Discover a critical flaw in Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) that limits LLM performance. Learn how a simple learning rate tweak unifies SFT and DPO for a 25% gain.
Alex
General
GraphRAG Workflow: 3x Better Multi-Hop Queries (2025 Knowledge Graph Guide)
Master GraphRAG workflow achieving 3x better accuracy on multi-hop queries vs vector RAG. Learn graph traversal, node-edge architecture, centrality ranking, PageRank. Complete knowledge graph setup tutorial for 2025.
Mi
Technology
GPU Performance: Compute vs Memory-Bound (90% vs 20% Utilization - 2025)
Master GPU performance optimization: Matrix multiplication achieves 90%+ FLOPS on A100, while CNNs get only 20% due to memory bandwidth bottleneck. Learn compute-bound vs memory-bound operations, fused kernels, Tensor Cores, and H100 FP8 improvements.
xiaodong gong
Technology
Two Major Challenges in Reinforcement Learning Finally Solved by ICLR Papers
Traditional reinforcement learning models struggle with real-time applications due to "AI lag." Two ICLR 2025 papers from Mila introduce groundbreaking solutions to tackle inaction and delay regret, enabling large AI models to operate in high-frequency, dynamic environments without compromising speed or intelligence.
Alex
Technology
Agentic AI Infrastructure: 7 Requirements + AWS Bedrock Setup (2025 Guide)
Build production agentic AI with 7 critical infrastructure components: MicroVM runtime, memory service, zero-trust security, tool gateway. Complete AWS Bedrock AgentCore setup guide. Learn session isolation, S3 vector storage, 8-hour workflows.
Alex
Technology
LLM Architecture Explained: DeepSeek V3 vs Llama 4 (MLA vs GQA 2025)
Compare DeepSeek V3 vs Llama 4 architecture: MLA vs GQA attention, MoE vs dense models. Learn how 671B parameters run at 37B speed. Includes code examples and design trade-offs.
Alex
Technology
Deploying Kimi K2: Scalable MoE Model on 128 GPUs
Learn how to deploy Kimi K2, a state-of-the-art Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) model, on a massive 128 H200 GPU cluster. This guide covers the key challenges and solutions using OME and SGLang for scalable, high-performance inference, achieving 4800 tokens/second with low latency.
Alex
Technology
How to Choose the Right ldmatrix in CUTLASS CuTe
Learn how to select the best ldmatrix operation in CUTLASS CuTe for high-performance GPU matrix multiplication. Optimize data movement and performance.
Alex
Technology
Optimizing TiledCopy for Memory Coalescing on NVIDIA GPUs
Unlock the full potential of your CUDA kernels by mastering memory coalescing with TiledCopy. This article dives deep into optimizing data transfers from Global to Shared Memory on NVIDIA GPUs, covering cp.async, row-major vs. column-major layouts, and cache line alignment to maximize memory bandwidth and accelerate your deep learning workloads.
Alex
Technology
Fine-Tune Qwen3 with Unsloth: Fast, Efficient AI Training
# Fine-Tuning Qwen3 with Unsloth: Step-by-Step Guide Qwen3, the latest generation of large language models, is redefining AI with advanced reasoning, instruction following, and robust multilingual s...
Alex
Technology
Baidu ERNIE 4.5: Multimodal Model Training & Fine-Tuning
# Baidu ERNIE 4.5: Advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models Baidu's ERNIE 4.5 marks a major leap in artificial intelligence, especially in the development of **multimodal large language mode...
Alex
Technology
MemOS: Persistent Memory for LLMs & Next-Gen AI Agents
# MemOS: Persistent Memory for LLMs & Next-Gen AI Agents 
Master Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) transforming base models to chat assistants. Complete 3-stage pipeline: base → instruct → chat model. LoRA reduces cost 70%, 7B model SFT in 2-4 hours on A100 ($10-20). Alpaca vs Dolly vs Open-Orca datasets compared.
Alex
Technology
How Linear Layers Power Multi-Head Attention in Transformers
Discover how linear layers enable multi-head attention in Transformers, powering advanced NLP models with parallel processing and rich representations.
Alex
Technology
Single vs Multi-Controller in veRL: Pathways to RL
Explore single-controller vs multi-controller in veRL, inspired by Google's Pathways, and learn their impact on distributed reinforcement learning systems.
Alex
Technology
Reinforcement Learning for LLM Reasoning: Trends & Insights
The field of artificial intelligence has seen rapid advancements in reinforcement learning for reasoning, particularly within large language models (LLMs). This article reviews influential research s...
Alex
Technology
Grok 4 Crushes GPT-4: 45% vs 21% on HLE + Multi-Agent System (2025 xAI)
xAI's Grok 4 dominates AI benchmarks with 45% on Human Last Exam (Gemini: 21%), doubles ARC AGI scores, and introduces multi-agent architecture. Trained on 200K GPU Colossus supercomputer. Full performance breakdown.
Alex
Technology
Qwen3 Training Pipeline: 35T Tokens + GRPO RL (10x Faster Than PPO - 2025)
## Qwen3 Training Pipeline: Pre-training, Reinforcement Learning, and Model Distillation ### Qwen3 Pre-training: Building a Robust Foundation Qwen3 training begins with a comprehensive three-stage ...
Alex
Technology
Google Crushes OpenAI: 42% Market Share in 2025 LLM API Wars (10x Cheaper)
Google dominates 2025 LLM API market with 42% share vs OpenAI 28%. Gemini Flash is 10x cheaper ($0.075 vs $0.50/1M tokens). OpenRouter data reveals shocking shift. Full cost comparison + market trends.
Alex
Technology
Train 671B DeepSeek V3: RLHF Guide (10x Faster with GRPO - 2025)
Master training 671B parameter LLMs with RL. Solve 5 critical challenges: Megatron vs FSDP, memory offloading, weight conversion, 1000+ GPU scaling. Real DeepSeek V3 workflow with GRPO achieving 10x speedup.
Alex
Technology
AI vs Traditional Infrastructure: 5 Key Differences (2025 Migration Guide)
Migrating from traditional to AI infrastructure? Master 5 critical differences: GPU vs CPU scaling, KV Cache vs web caching, 3D parallelism vs load balancing. Real migration strategies for LLM systems in 2025.
Alex
Technology
SGLang Destroys vLLM: 3x Faster + 40% Cheaper (2025 H800 Benchmarks)
SGLang crushes vLLM with 3x throughput and 40% cost savings via prefill-decode separation. Real H800/A100 benchmarks, architecture deep-dive, production deployment guide. The future of LLM inference.
Alex
Technology
Direct Reinforcement Learning on Base LLMs: The Next Leap
### Why Direct Reinforcement Learning on Base Language Models is the Next Frontier Direct reinforcement learning (RL) on base language models is emerging as a transformative approach in LLM optimiza...
Alex
Technology
How Andrew Ng Scopes Down AI Projects for Fast Progress
Learn Andrew Ng
Alex
Technology
Reinforcement Learning for LLMs: RLHF & DPO Explained (2025)
Reinforcement learning for LLMs (large language models) is revolutionizing the field of artificial intelligence by enabling models to learn beyond the constraints of supervised learning. This article...
Alex
Technology
7 LLM Decoding Strategies: Top-P vs Temperature vs Beam Search (2025)
Compare 7 LLM sampling methods: Top-P (Nucleus), Temperature, Beam Search, Min-P, Mirostat. Fix repetitive outputs, improve quality. Includes parameter tuning guide for GPT/Claude/Gemini.
yong qiang
Technology
Kimi Researcher: End-to-End RL for Advanced AI Agents
## Kimi Researcher: Advancing AI Agents with End-to-End Reinforcement Learning Kimi Researcher is the flagship product of the Kimi Agent initiative, designed to revolutionize research automation thr...
Alex
Technology
Qwen3 QK-Norm: Solve FP16 Overflow on Mobile/Edge AI (90% Fewer Errors)
Fix Qwen3 FP16 overflow on mobile devices: QK-Norm explained with code examples. Deploy LLMs on edge hardware (RTX 3060, mobile chips) with 90% error reduction.
Alex